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Psychology

What are dreams and what’s the point of them?

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What are dreams? Why do we dream? Do they mean something? These are all questions that scientists have been trying to answer for years. Why do people dream? Dreams don’t help us survive, that’s for sure and they usually don’t have such a powerful impact on our day to day life. They also seem to be all over the place mostly and a meaning is difficult to assert to them by those that do not have some special training. So what’s the point of them?

Sigmund Freud

One of the most important names you have to remember here is Sigmund Freud. He was one of the greatest psychology researchers of all time and together with his disciple, Carl Jung, and a society he formed in 1902 that went by the name of “Psychological Wednesday Society”, he brought numerous contributions to the psychology field, much more than anybody else prior to him. Among his theories about repressed memories, the psychosexual stages, the psyche and the unconscious mind, he also studied dreams and came up with several theories regarding them that try to answer to the questions mentioned previously.

What are dreams?

Before we see the “definition” Freud gave to dreams, we have to understand what he means by “the unconscious mind”. In his essays, Sigmund Freud describes the human mind by using the image of an iceberg. The tip of the iceberg, is the conscious mind, the one we are aware of, the one we can “see”. However, the part of the iceberg that we don’t see is the unconscious mind. It is vaster and it contains all the primitive wishes and desires every person has. The unconscious mind can also keep repressed memories or the memories that are simply too frightening for the conscious mind to deal with. Here we usually include the memories of abuse in early childhood or events that took place in the life of a person that were too traumatic for the conscious mind to deal with.

According to Freud, dreams are “the royal road to the unconscious” or, in simpler words, dreams are a way in which the unconscious mind talks to the conscious one. By analyzing dreams, one can also understand better how the unconscious mind operates and most importantly, one can become aware of certain repressed memories that have been hidden, but the problem is that they come through distorted and the initial meaning might not be the true one.

Irma’s case

Freud came up with all his theories about the human mind after analyzing his own dreams and those of some of his patients. The theory of the unconscious mind trying to talk through dreams came to him after he encountered Irma, one of his patients whom he treated, but the treatment he gave her did not work and he began feeling guilty.

At this point, he dreamt that it was not him who prescribed that particular treatment to Irma, but another doctor. This is how he came to the conclusion that his unconscious mind made up a scenario in which another doctor was to blame, thus releasing him of all the guilt. He called this type of dreaming “wish fulfillment” because his unconscious mind tried to rid him of all the guilt, thus making his wish come true.

The manifest content and the latent content

In the structure of a dream, Freud considered that there are two main `parts` of a dream, the manifest content and the latent content. The first one revolves around what the dreamer remembers, whereas the second one refers to the symbolic meaning of each dream. However, don’t be fooled by what the dream dictionaries tell you! Freud disapproved of them because they provide an impersonal meaning for the dream. He considered that in order to fully comprehend the meaning of a dream, one has to analyze himself and then come up with a meaning.

For example, a patient of Freud’s dreamt a fish that was still moving and interpreted this as a penis. However, the psychologist, after analyzing the patient’s life and finding out that her mother, who was a Pisces and a passionate astrologer, disapproved of her participating in Freud’s studying, he concluded that this dream did not, in fact, represent a penis, but the fact that the patient was feeling somewhat guilty.

Was Freud right in his theories or not?

This is probably the most difficult question of them all. Sure, he studied the human mind all his life, but are his theories right? As it happens in the cases of most theories that appear in the psychological field, they cannot be proven to be real or false because they analyze one of the most complex and mysterious things on Earth: the human mind. Each mind is unique and forming a theory that can be applied to each person is very difficult. Therefore Freud’s theories cannot be treated as real or fake because there is no evidence to support either of these two.

Bottom line

The conclusion here is that despite the fact that dreams often seem pointless and all over the place, there is some sort of a meaning behind them and if you take the time to analyze them, you will find out more about yourself.

Who doesn’t enjoy listening to a good story. Personally I love reading about the people who inspire me and what it took for them to achieve their success. As I am a bit of a self confessed tech geek I think there is no better way to discover these stories than by reading every day some articles or the newspaper . My bookcases are filled with good tech biographies, they remind me that anyone can be a success. So even if you come from an underprivileged part of society or you aren’t the smartest person in the room we all have a chance to reach the top. The same message shines in my beliefs. All it takes to succeed is a good idea, a little risk and a lot of hard work and any geek can become a success. VENI VIDI VICI .

Psychology

WHO Recognizes Gaming Disorder as a Mental Health Condition

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There are several issues surrounding gamers’ mental health when it comes to excess and other risky aspects. The long asked question of “Can gamers become addicted to video games?” has been answered by the World Health Association (WHO) quite recently.

The WHO is going to be adding Gaming Disorder to its International Classification of Diseases in 2018. According to New Scientist, the WHO will officially recognize obsessive gaming disorders as a mental health condition

I know this might seem like the World Health Organisation just aims to push the “All gamers are meanies” agenda. However, that is far from the case as representatives from the Association have made clear that there is a clear difference between a gaming addict and a gamer.

According to a current draft, the criteria include making gaming a priority “to the extent that gaming takes precedence over other life interests”, and continuing this despite the risk of it being detrimental to your health – such as lack of sleep and sustenance. However, this behavior must be observed for at least a year before diagnosis can be confirmed.

In other words, if you play games like Super Mario Odyssey or Cuphead for a few hours and take breaks to drink water or move around, then you simply don’t have an addiction. However, not even I can deny that there are some sick individuals out there who have gone to awful lengths to satisfy their gaming cravings.

“Health professionals need to recognize that gaming disorder may have serious health consequences,” Vladimir Poznyak at the WHO’s Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse told New Scientist.

Now, there are some bad parts of this problem, namely the fact that people will make a stigma out of this. Subsequently, there’s a fear that people will mistakenly label a common gamer as an addict because they play games for more than 20 minutes. Considering the world we live in loves to pin us with Alt-Right terrorists, this isn’t really an unfounded claim.

Then there’s the problem about how while the WHO has been calling out gamers and their activities. Nobody in the organization wants to admit there is a problem with smartphone users and apps. This is a major concern as well because there are also people who have done outlandish actions for games like Farmville or even the smartphones themselves.

There are multiple factors that play a role into whether or not to call a gamer an addict. So we shouldn’t panic too much about this new measurement taken by the WHO.

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Apps

Study: App Notifications Worsen the Mood of the User

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Do you find phone notifications annoying? I certainly do, mostly because they get in the way of my song when I’m listening to music. And when you have multiple apps, all you need is a bit of data connection to ruin your day. And now, a study corroborates that smartphone alerts end up worsening the mood of the user.

Researchers at the Nottingham Trent University in the UK studied the effect on mood in 50 participants who received thousands of digital alerts over a five-week period. Out of more than half a million notifications, they found that 32 per cent resulted in negative emotions.

What are the factors that cause such a negative impact? Well, the context behind the alerts is usually related to non-human activity. A few examples are general phone updates and Wi-Fi availability. The research group found out that Work related notifications also affect people’s mood in a negative way. The problem only worsens when these notifications are received in bulk.

“These digital alerts continuously disrupt our activities through instant calls for attention,” researcher at Nottingham Trent University Eiman Kanjo, said to The Telegraph. “While notifications enhance the convenience of our life, we need to better-understand the impact their obsessive use has on our well-being,”

So, how was the procedure done? The research group created an app called NotiMind. Which the volunteer participants downloaded shortly after. The app collected details relating to the phones digital notifications, as well as participants self-reported moods at various points in the day over a five-week period.

Not everything is doom and gloom though, as there was some positive results when it came to notifications from friends. Especially when the participants received various messages at once. The reason for this is because these notifications created a sense of belonging and feelings of connection to a social group.

So, that’s what the report says. People usually get annoyed by the fact that notifications interrupt the important occasions in life. Often, I hate to be reminded that I didn’t turn my Wi-Fi off and get a notification saying that there’s a network nearby. But hey, maybe someday we can filter out these alerts so that we can focus on the important things.

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Gaming

Science Suggests That Playing Pokemon Go Makes You Happier

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Pokemon Go

Pokemon Go was a surprise hit. It was a Pokemon game so it was expected that it would get some hype, but not to the point of becoming a global phenomenon. People that would never consider themselves gamers were downloading the app and hunting for pokemon to add to their collection in the most wildly successful augmented reality game ever. Recent research shows that there might be a reason people keep logging in and chasing after the next catch: Pokemon Go apparently makes people happier, and happier people are more likely to play Pokemon Go.

A team at the University of Wisconsin-Madison surveyed a group of 399 adults last summer and came to the conclusion that playing the game “was associated with various positive responses (increased positive affect, nostalgic reverie, friendship formation, friendship intensification, and walking), most of which predicted enhanced well-being”

Participants were asked various questions, an overview of which we’ve listed below:

“Questions [were asked] about [subjects’] emotional and social lives and levels of physical activity before segueing into Pokemon. More than 40 percent of their respondents turned out to be Pokemon Go players, and those people were more likely to be exercising — walking briskly, at least — and more likely to be experiencing positive emotions and nostalgia. […] They were also more social. Players were more likely than non-players to be making new friends and deepening old friendships”

So it seems like your Pokemon Go obsession may actually be a good thing. Getting outside, exercising lightly, forming new friendship and spending more time with existing friends may allow for your Pokemon to make a happier you.

The player base of Pokemon Go has dropped drastically since the research on the game was conducted, but the developer seems committed to supporting the game and adding new features with hopes to recapture some of that hype. The most recent update is an Easter themed event which adds Pokemon in findable eggs.

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