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Astronomy

How would a solar eclipse manifest from the perspective of the moon?

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This upcoming weekend, the Moon will experience an eclipse, and in less than three weeks, the Moon will cast a shadow over the Sun. Optimal vistas can be found in the Americas; however, one might ponder the perspective of being on the Moon instead of Earth. The perspective that a prospective astronaut may observe.

In the context of the moon, it is noteworthy that eclipses exhibit a reversal. The phenomenon of a lunar eclipse is transformed into a solar eclipse for the moon. Your experiences and visuals may vary depending on your desired observations and geographical location.

A lunar solar eclipse
Let us commence by examining a lunar solar eclipse. Consequently, you are situated on the Moon while the Earth is obstructing the Sun. There are three possible occurrences of this phenomenon: entire, partial, and penumbral.

Our planet casts a shadow in a specific manner due to the Earth’s relative size and position in relation to the Sun. The umbra, derived from the Latin term for shadow, refers to a slender cone that completely obstructs the passage of sunlight. The penumbra, derived from the Latin term “almost shadow,” refers to a wider cone in which just a portion of the sun’s light is obstructed.

A penumbral eclipse is characterized by the moon’s passage solely through the penumbra. The full moon will appear less luminous, although its proximal side will still get some sunlight. This is the upcoming weekend’s event. During the period spanning from late Sunday night to the early hours of Monday, the full moon will see a decrease in luminosity as it traverses the penumbra.

In the event of a partial eclipse, the moon would undergo a slight displacement towards the complete shadow. Consequently, in some areas of its surface, the entire sun would be obstructed. Those locations would be undergoing a complete solar eclipse, while the remaining areas would be witnessing a partial solar eclipse.

a grainy black and white video show the sun disappearing behdin the earth

One of the more intriguing phenomena, however, would likely be a complete lunar eclipse. When the entirety of the moon is encompassed within the umbra, a remarkable phenomenon occurs. The Earth’s shadow is not black, despite the fact that all sunlight originating directly from the sun is obstructed. The crimson hue observed on the silver surface of the moon can be attributed to the scattering of sunlight in the atmosphere.

A solar eclipse
The Earth’s vast size surpasses that of the Moon, allowing its shadow to encompass the entirety of the Moon and be observed from both hemispheres. The lunar eclipse scheduled for this Sunday will be observable from Western Europe to East Asia. A solar eclipse encompasses a significantly reduced expanse of the Earth.

During the complete solar eclipse on April 8, the path of the eclipse will span over 200 kilometers (124 miles) as it reaches Mazatlán in the Mexican state of Sinaloa. However, as the eclipse approaches Newfoundland, its path will decrease to 160 kilometers (100 miles). The United States currently accommodates a population of 31 million individuals residing inside the trajectory of totality, which is projected to traverse from Texas to New York State through the state of Tennessee. Certain regions may experience this phenomenon, and as a result, inhabitants are being cautioned to get provisions of water, gasoline, and sustenance for the duration of the day.

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When seen from the Moon or space, the eclipse will look like a dark spot moving across the Earth’s surface at a speed of about 1,500 miles per hour. If you were on the moon at that time, you wouldn’t notice much of a change. The near side of the moon would be in its 14-day night, while the blue marble next door would have a swish shadow moving across its seas and lands.

For that reason, if you ever go to the moon, you should hope for a complete lunar eclipse, which would make everything red. The following full moon will happen in March of next year. The next one will be in September 2025, when Artemis II takes off. Even though they won’t be landing, it would be cool if they were near the moon during the eclipse.

Putting people on the moon on December 31, 2028, would be a great idea. If you could see a total lunar eclipse from the moon, it would be a beautiful way to end the year. NASA, come on!

As Editor here at GeekReply, I'm a big fan of all things Geeky. Most of my contributions to the site are technology related, but I'm also a big fan of video games. My genres of choice include RPGs, MMOs, Grand Strategy, and Simulation. If I'm not chasing after the latest gear on my MMO of choice, I'm here at GeekReply reporting on the latest in Geek culture.

Astronomy

What is the most terrifying communication that humanity could receive from outer space?

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If there are extraterrestrial civilizations within a reasonable distance capable of detecting our unintentional transmissions, there exists a possibility, albeit small, that among the initial signals they intercept, they could receive the commencement of the 1936 Olympic Games. Therefore, in the unlikely event that they do receive these signals, we might come across a speech by Adolf Hitler during our first encounter with an alien species.

“Naturally, this was not the initial transmission,” clarified Seth Shostak, a senior astronomer at SETI, during an interview with RealClearScience. “However, it was emitted at a sufficiently high frequency to penetrate the ionosphere.”

In the movie Contact, this ultimately became the initial communication that mankind received from an extraterrestrial society. The entities promptly returned the signal to Earth, unaware of the profound consequences that transmitting broadcasts of Adolf Hitler from outer space would have on the targeted species they were endeavoring to establish communication with. It is similar to greeting a random person and then unintentionally reciting a chapter from Mein Kampf.

Fortunately, it is highly likely that we won’t encounter this issue because extraterrestrial civilizations shouldn’t be able to distinguish the signal strengths.

“The power consumption would have been minimal, and the antenna used would not have had a specific direction,” Shostak elaborated. “The notion that extraterrestrial beings might intercept it is highly improbable.”

However, it is possible that we may receive significantly more alarming initial communications, as individuals have been deliberating on X (Twitter) and Reddit.

It appears that people are primarily focused on receiving warnings from extraterrestrial civilizations right now, possibly as a result of a recent unnamed television series.

What would be the scariest message humanity could receive from outer space?
byu/silly_vasily inAskReddit

According to certain proposed resolutions to the Fermi Paradox, which ask why we haven’t detected any signs of advanced extraterrestrial civilizations, the explanation is that these civilizations are intentionally concealing their presence due to the apprehension of their own annihilation.

Another concern is the possibility of receiving an unclear message that extraterrestrial beings will provide us with limited information, apart from the fact that they are en route.

What would be the scariest message humanity could receive from outer space?
byu/silly_vasily inAskReddit

One theory, called the Zoo Hypothesis, is related to this topic. The theory posits that extraterrestrial beings possess knowledge of our existence but deliberately confine us within a designated “zoo” to allow for our evolutionary and societal development. This parallels humanity’s practice of preserving certain areas as nature reserves and refraining from engaging with uncontacted tribes. Based on this hypothesis, it is possible that we may receive contact once we have reached a satisfactory level of technological and societal development and potentially be accepted into a community of other galaxies.

Although there is a prevailing apprehension that initiating communication with an extraterrestrial civilization will probably elicit fear due to humanity’s historical tendency to fear the unfamiliar, there is a potentially more alarming notion.

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Astronomy

Orbex’s recent funding could expedite the launch of its Prime microlauncher into space

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Orbex, a small launch company based in the UK, got more money from backers, including Scotland’s national bank. The company is now getting ready for its first orbital launch, but the date for that mission has not yet been set.

With its start in 2015, Orbex is one of only a few companies in Europe racing to make the next generation of launch vehicles. The retirement of the Ariane 5 and big delays to the Ariane 6 and Vega C rockets have left a huge gap that these companies are trying to fill. Without these vehicles, there is almost no native launch capacity coming out of Europe.

But Orbex also has a chance because of his absence. The company is working on what is sometimes called a “microlauncher.” It is a two-stage vehicle called Prime that is only 19 meters tall and can take up to 180 kilograms of payload. Rocket Lab’s Electron is the most similar. It’s only a meter shorter, but it can take up to 300 kilograms.

The fact that Orbex is small is not a problem for the company. In fact, Orbex CEO Philip Chambers told TechCrunch via email that the company is seeing “positive market conditions” for its product.

“There is a pent-up demand for sovereign launch capabilities,” he said. “We are seeing an exponential growth of satellites being launched into LEO, and demand for launch is far exceeding supply. At the moment, it’s not possible to launch a single kilogram from Europe.” “We will let European customers choose how to launch their own payloads and let them launch European payloads from European soil.”

Prime will take off from a new spaceport being built with money from the UK’s national space agency in Sutherland, which is in northern Scotland. The end goal is to use a patented recovery technique that the company calls REFLIGHT. This is an interstage device that sits between the rocket stages. When the booster comes off, four “petals” will unfold and, along with a parachute, create enough drag for a soft landing in the ocean.

It’s possible that a bigger car will be made in the future, but Chambers made it clear that Prime was the company’s top goal. He did say, though, that many of the rocket’s main technologies could be used with bigger packages.

Considering the laws of physics, it would be logical for Orbex to explore the option of using larger vehicles in order to compete on cost per kg.

The company is starting its Series D round with £16.7 million ($20.7 million) in new funding, including investments from Octopus Ventures, BGF, Heartcore, EIFO, and other contributors. Following the closure of a £40.4 million ($50 million) Series C in October 2022, Orbex has secured additional capital. Although a spokesperson has confirmed that the new funding will assist Orbex in accelerating the development of Prime, ensuring its readiness and scalability for the launch period, the specific launch window has not been announced yet.

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Astronomy

The Ingenuity team at NASA has received their last communication, however, the Mars helicopter is still operational

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The NASA Ingenuity team said goodbye to the helicopter robot and got one last message before splitting up. But ingenuity isn’t really dead yet; it will still be collecting data on Mars.

It’s a great little robot, and in April 2021, it was the first to fly powered and controlled on a planet other than Earth. That’s not easy to do because conditions on Mars are so different.

“The Red Planet has a much lower gravity—one-third that of Earth’s—and an extremely thin atmosphere with only 1% of Earth’s pressure at the surface,” NASA said in a press release after Ingenuity’s first flight. “This means there are relatively few air molecules with which Ingenuity’s two 4-foot-wide (1.2-meter-wide) rotor blades can interact to achieve flight.”

It was planned for the helicopter, which was really just a prototype, to make five flights over 30 days on Mars. Instead, it made 72 flights over 1,000 days. NASA started to use it to get a bird’s-eye view of Mars and find interesting places for Perseverance to go back and look at more closely.

On the 72nd flight, unfortunately, Ingenuity had to make an emergency landing and lost touch with Perseverance. When they got in touch again, pictures from the helicopter showed that a rotor was badly damaged, so Ingenuity would not be able to fly again.

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Even though the helicopter can’t fly anymore, it can still gather information and send it to Perseverance. Perseverance then sends the information to Earth through NASA’s Deep Space Network. Before the Ingenuity team broke up, they got one last message from Ingenuity and ate cake to celebrate.

“I’m sorry, Dylan Thomas, but Ingenuity will not be going gently into that good Martian night,” said Josh Anderson, lead of the Ingenuity team at JPL. “It’s hard to believe that she still has something to give after more than 1,000 days on Mars’ surface, 72 flights, and one rough landing.” Because of how hard this amazing team worked, not only did Ingenuity do better than we thought it would, but it may also teach us new things in the years to come.

After stopping in “Valinor Hills” to rest, the robot’s job will be to gather data while it’s still, hopefully learning useful things about the planet’s environment before future missions with people.

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