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Magnets are revolutionizing the keyboard industry

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The popularity of mechanical keyboards surged from being a specialized item to becoming widely adopted during the epidemic as individuals sought to enhance their home workspaces and potentially explore a new pastime. Brands like Akko, Drop, Ducky, Epomaker, and Keychron have gained widespread recognition and are now well-known among enthusiasts. Today, these enthusiasts have a wide range of options when it comes to choosing alternative keyboard layouts and may purchase parts from numerous vendors.

Subsequently, the current situation has become somewhat uninteresting, as even the formerly exclusive capabilities have now become available on inexpensive keyboards. RGB lighting has become commonplace, as companies like Angry Miao and others consistently discover creative and novel applications for it. There is a vast array of switches to choose from, ranging from the lightest switches designed for games to the heaviest switches suitable for even the most enthusiastic typists. These switches come in linear, tactile, and clicky variations and are available in a seemingly limitless variety of colors. In the past, gasket-mounted keyboards, which provide a more cushioned and responsive typing experience, were mostly available on expensive keyboards for enthusiasts. However, nowadays, this feature has become commonplace across the board.

There are certain advantages to this situation: the overall construction quality of mechanical keyboards available on the market has reached unprecedented levels, and the prices have decreased. However, the entire situation has also grown quite monotonous. Magnetic switches are useful because they can rapidly alter the actuation point, which is the moment when the switch detects your downward keystroke.

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In a typical mechanical keyboard switch, the act of pressing a key physically completes an electrical circuit, thereby registering the key press. When downward pressure is applied, the two legs on the stem, which is the movable component to which the keycap is connected, exert force on two metal leaves, resulting in the closure of the circuit.

The distinguishing factor between a linear switch, such as the Gateron Red switches commonly found on gaming keyboards, and a switch with a more tactile sensation, like the Cherry Brown switches, lies in the design of the stem and its legs. Linear switches include stems with a flat surface, whereas tactile switches contain a small bump that creates a moment of resistance when pressed down. The total configuration of the stem, including its legs, the spring, the base on which the stem rests, and the switch housing, can significantly influence the tactile and auditory feedback of a switch, as well as the precise moment at which the keyboard registers a keypress. In the case of a conventional Gateron Red switch, the keypress is officially recognized once you depress it by around 2 millimeters. The total distance the key travels before the stem reaches the bottom of the switch is 4 millimeters.

Mechanical switches exhibit significant dissimilarities. These devices are dependent on magnets and springs, and they operate by detecting changes in the magnetic field. These switches, popularized by the Dutch keyboard startup Wooting, utilize the Hall Effect and have been in existence since the 1960s. Although they retain the same fundamental construction as mechanical switches, including stems and springs, they lack the stem legs due to the absence of an electrical circuit that needs to be closed. Nonetheless, the stem has a permanent magnet, which allows the keyboard’s PCB sensor to accurately detect the switch’s position when pressure is applied. And this is where the most significant modification occurs: you have the ability to adjust the required depth for a keystroke to be registered.

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During gaming, it may be desirable to capture finger movement as small as 0.1 millimeter. However, when using the same keyboard for typing, it is recommended to increase the threshold to 2.5 millimeters to prevent accidental keystrokes. Usually, this is accomplished by using a straightforward combination of keys on the keyboard or through the software tools provided by the vendor. Due to the sensitivity of these sensors to temperature fluctuations, there is usually an option available to calibrate the keyboard.

This feature also enables the implementation of more intelligent techniques, as it allows for not only modifying the location where the keypress is initiated but also where it is terminated. While typing, the responsiveness of the keyboard may not be of great significance to you. However, during gaming, it is crucial as it enables you to rapidly press a key when necessary. Magnetic keyboards often come with tools that have a rapid trigger setting, allowing you to quickly spam a key. Additionally, the extensive customization options of these keyboards allow you to experiment with different settings without the need to physically switch to a different switch.

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If you desire to exceed the normal limits, you can create a macro-like function by assigning multiple actions to a single key. This allows for a different action to be registered when the key is pressed halfway down, when it is fully pressed down, and when the switch pushes the keycap back up. Additionally, you may assign another action to occur at some point in between these actions. Although I have not yet discovered a specific application for this in my own life, it is highly likely that someone else will.

However, the resistance of the switch is immutable and cannot be altered. Despite the extensive discussion of magnets, the spring inside the switch is ultimately responsible for performing the function.

An issue arises from the lack of a standardized format for these switches, resulting in the incompatibility of some switches with specific keyboards. Depending on the manufacturer, it is possible to connect traditional mechanical switches to the PCB as well. However, it is important to note that these switches do not offer the same customizable advantages as magnetic switches.

A journey to Santorini: Akko’s MOD 007B personal computer
In order to evaluate the product, Akko provided me with a review unit of their MOD007B PC Santorini keyboard. This keyboard belongs to the World Tour series and is characterized by its more understated design compared to other models in the series. The gasket-mount MOD007B PC is available at a price of approximately $150, but it is commonly sold for roughly $110 on Amazon. This keyboard comes pre-assembled and features Kailh’s linear Sakura Pink magnetic switches. The PCB is compatible with 3-pin mechanical switches.

Connectivity options include normal Bluetooth and USB-C connections, as well as a multi-host 2.4Ghz option that requires the provided dongle. The board is equipped with a 3600mAh battery to support wireless operations.

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The 75-percent case is not very remarkable since it is made of simple polycarbonate. However, unlike many high-end keyboards, it has the ability to modify the typing angle using its dual-position feet.

Akko employed a sufficient quantity of foam within the case to modulate the sound of the board, resulting in a clacky auditory experience. I have a taste for a sound that is slightly more muted, although I acknowledge that this is entirely subjective. The stabilizers are finely calibrated, but there is a discernible level of case ping. A few minor modifications should address that issue. However, it is noteworthy that this board’s most apparent drawback remains unaddressed, despite the firm producing numerous generations of MOD007 boards. A few minor adjustments should resolve the issue, but purchasers should not be required to make such improvements even at this price range.

Regarding the software, Akko has developed its own exclusive software tool that is capable and user-friendly. It fulfills its intended purpose and does not interfere with your activities. One drawback of boards using magnetic switches is their tendency to prioritize proprietary software over open-source alternatives such as VIA.

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The focus of this board is solely on magnetic switches. I derived considerable pleasure from doing experiments with them, and although I did not emerge victorious in obtaining a single chicken supper in PUBG throughout the testing phase, I did perceive that, at the appropriate configuration, it enabled me to respond with a slightly enhanced speed. The level of success you experience with Valorant and other shooters may differ, as the effectiveness of rapid trigger functions can play a significant role. Regardless, it is an enjoyable board game to play.

The switch is a Khailh Sakura Pink magnetic switch with a bottom-out force of 50 gf. That aligns with the characteristics of typical linear switches, but it may be slightly heavier than average.

It took me some time to discover the optimal configuration for everyday typing. After trying out several options, I ultimately settled on Akko’s default comfort setting, which establishes the actuation and release points at a precise measurement of 2mm. The default game setting is set to a speed of 0.5mm, which appears to be sufficiently quick.

Although not the most high-end board available, Akko has developed a keyboard that, when adjusted correctly and with a few small modifications, offers a satisfying typing experience (if you prefer linear switches) and also serves as a suitable gaming platform. The crucial aspect here is that this board enables both gamers and non-gamers to enter the magnetic switch market without incurring significant additional costs. Is it the most superior board available? Although it is not significantly better, considering the price, it is difficult to find a better option.

As Editor here at GeekReply, I'm a big fan of all things Geeky. Most of my contributions to the site are technology related, but I'm also a big fan of video games. My genres of choice include RPGs, MMOs, Grand Strategy, and Simulation. If I'm not chasing after the latest gear on my MMO of choice, I'm here at GeekReply reporting on the latest in Geek culture.

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Astronomy

NASA and ESA are making preparations for the imminent close approach of the near Earth object Apophis

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NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) are making preparations for the imminent approach of asteroid 99942 Apophis, a near-Earth object.

Apophis, an asteroid considered highly dangerous to Earth, will approach within 32,000 kilometers (20,000 miles) of the Earth’s surface in 2029. This close encounter will allow scientists to closely examine the object. The asteroid will be visible from the Eastern Hemisphere without the need for a telescope or binoculars, and it will be closer than some of our man-made satellites.

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At the ESA-organized workshop Apophis T-5 Years: Knowledge Opportunity for the Science of Planetary Defense, scientists have been proposing potential missions to investigate the asteroid prior to the close approach.

NASA has already scheduled a visit to the asteroid, which is known as OSIRIS APEX. The objective is to reutilize the asteroid sampler previously referred to as OSIRIS-REx, deploying it to rendezvous with the asteroid soon after its close passage.

“According to NASA, the planned mission is expected to result in the alteration of the asteroid’s orbit, changes in its rotational speed and axis, and the potential occurrence of quakes or landslides that will modify its surface due to the gravitational pull of our planet,” NASA explains. The OSIRIS-APEX mission will enable terrestrial scientists to observe these alterations. In addition, the OSIRIS-APEX spacecraft will descend towards the surface of Apophis, an asteroid composed of silicate material (also known as rocky material) and a combination of metallic nickel and iron. It will then activate its engines to dislodge loose rocks and dust. This maneuver will provide scientists with a glimpse into the composition of the material located directly beneath the surface of the asteroid.

According to Space News, private companies presented alternative missions for the asteroid at the ESA meeting.

Blue Origin plans to utilize its Blue Ring spacecraft to transport a maximum of 13 payloads, weighing a combined total of 2 metric tons, to the asteroid. The launch is scheduled for 2027, with the spacecraft reaching the asteroid just before it comes closest to Earth. Meanwhile, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory presented the details of its DROID mission, which focuses on distributed radar observations of interior distributions.

JPL explains in a proposal that the architecture of DROID requires a specific launch of three spacecraft: a Mothership of ESPA Grande-class and two CubeSats. The Mothership transports the CubeSats to Apophis, follows a planned trajectory to meet up with them, captures detailed images using a specialized camera, and serves as a communication hub for the constellation by directly relaying data to Earth. After thoroughly characterizing Apophis’s physical attributes, such as its shape, spin, and gravity field, the Mothership releases two CubeSats. Each CubeSat is equipped with a wide-angle camera and low-frequency radar (operating at 60 MHz, using JuRa technology). These CubeSats then position themselves in synchronized low orbits to conduct radar observations using both monostatic and bistatic techniques.

Although the flyby of Apophis is expected to provide valuable insights into planetary defense against similar objects, there is no reason to be alarmed by its presence.

In 2021, Apophis conducted a close approach to Earth, during which astronomers conducted high-resolution radar observations to more accurately determine its orbital path. Prior to that, NASA held the belief that there was a possibility of a collision occurring later in the century. However, the observations conducted have definitively disproven this hypothesis.

“The possibility of a 2068 impact is no longer feasible,” stated Davide Farnocchia, an expert from NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Studies. “Our calculations indicate that there is no risk of impact for at least the next 100 years.”

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Astronomy

NASA has recently received a laser message transmitted from a massive distance of 226 million kilometers

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NASA’s Psyche mission is currently en route to investigate an unusual asteroid, and while in transit, the mission team has been conducting trials of a novel communication system. The novel methodology employs an infrared laser instead of radio waves, and it has recently demonstrated its efficacy from the farthest location to date. The message was sent when Psyche was located at a distance of 226 million kilometers (140 million miles) from Earth. That is equivalent to 1.5 astronomical units, which is the distance between the Earth and the Sun.

Psyche was transmitting its engineering data via radio waves using NASA’s Deep Space Network. For the first time, the mission team made the decision to transmit the data using the Deep Space Optical Communication system. The previous transmissions did not contain spacecraft data but rather test data.

During the April 8 test, it was demonstrated that data could be downloaded at a maximum rate of 25 Mbps, even from that distance. This already exceeds the anticipated target of “at least 1 Mbps” and is 10 to 100 times swifter than radio transmissions.

“During a pass on April 8, we received approximately 10 minutes of replicated spacecraft data through downlink,” stated Meera Srinivasan, the operations lead for the project at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Previously, we had been transmitting test and diagnostic data through our downlinks from Psyche. This marks a noteworthy achievement for the project as it demonstrates the integration of optical communications with a spacecraft’s radio frequency communications system.

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In previous tests, the spacecraft was positioned at a much shorter distance, specifically tens of millions of kilometers. Photographs and even a video featuring a cat were transmitted from the far reaches of outer space. The technology exhibits potential, yet there remain a few issues that require resolution. Clouds obstruct optical observations, preventing them from being conducted. This issue doesn’t affect radio communications.

“We have gained extensive knowledge about the system’s limits through our experiments during clear weather conditions. However, occasional storms have caused disruptions in operations at both Table Mountain and Palomar,” stated Ryan Rogalin, the receiver electronics lead of the project at JPL.

In June, the team will conduct another round of testing on the system when Psyche is located at a distance from the Sun that is 2.5 times greater than the distance between Earth and the Sun. This represents the utmost distance separating Mars and Earth. If the approach is successful, it could enable the establishment of a data-intensive network connecting Earth and Mars.

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Nanotechnology

Two people made a movie that shows the speed of light at 10 trillion frames per second

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If you have accessed the Internet, it is likely that you are familiar with the Slow Mo Guys, who are YouTubers committed to capturing various events in slow motion. Their videos range from showcasing bullets colliding with each other to featuring Will Smith handling a large flamethrower in slow motion.

After engaging in the activity for more than ten years, the team pondered the possibility of endeavoring to capture on film “the swiftest phenomenon within the realm of human knowledge.” Light travels at the maximum speed allowed in the universe, which is 300,000 kilometers per second (186,000 miles per second).

In order to accomplish this task, they would require specialized apparatus, which they discovered at CalTech.

“We have recorded footage at extremely high frame rates.” “We are discussing a substantial amount, reaching up to approximately 500,000, which should not be underestimated,” clarifies the host in the video. “Their camera surpasses ours in quality and is capable of capturing 10 trillion frames per second.” Just for comparison, that is 20 million times quicker than the highest speed we have ever recorded on this channel.

They received assurance that they would be able to observe the speed of light thanks to the high frame rate from postdoctoral researcher Peng Wang from the Compressed Ultrafast Photography department. More precisely, they would observe the movement of light along the entire length of a bottle within a 2,000-picosecond duration of footage.

The team explains that the camera only sees light and that the bottle is added on top of that. Still, the result is amazing: 10 trillion frames per second of light being captured as it moves.

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