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Proxima Fusion secures $21 million in funding to further develop their ‘stellarator’ method for nuclear fusion

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The interest of venture capitalists in fusion startups has fluctuated in recent years. As per the findings of the Fusion Industry Association, nuclear fusion companies received a significant investment of over $6 billion in 2023, surpassing the previous year by $1.4 billion. However, the growth rate of 27% was slower compared to the previous year as investors faced external concerns like inflation.

Nevertheless, figures alone fail to provide a comprehensive narrative. Interest in the field has continued to grow as startups explore innovative methods to harness the sun’s power for clean and abundant energy.

In 2022, a major breakthrough was achieved in the field when the Department of Energy’s National Ignition Facility successfully generated a fusion reaction that generated surplus power compared to the energy needed to initiate the reaction. And then, in August last year, the team confirmed that their initial test was not merely a stroke of luck. The path to achieving true fusion power is still a lengthy one, but the exciting part is that it has moved beyond the realm of theory.

A new player in the industry is Proxima Fusion, which has emerged as the first spin-out from the prestigious Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP). Proxima, a Munich-based company, has successfully secured €20 million ($21.7 million) in a seed round. This funding will enable them to embark on the development of their initial line of fusion power plants.

The company utilizes “quasi-isodynamic (QI) stellarators” that incorporate high-temperature superconductors into their technology. A stellarator is a ring of magnets that are carefully arranged to create a doughnut shape. This design allows the plasma, which is the source of fusion energy, to be contained. On the other hand, stellarators pose a significant challenge in terms of construction due to their unconventional magnet positioning and the need for meticulous engineering.

In 2022, Proxima Fusion developed a solution to tackle these challenges by combining engineering solutions and advanced computing. The Max Planck IPP, known for developing the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) experiment, the largest stellarator in the world, has expanded on research as a spin-out.

According to Dr. Francesco Sciortino, co-founder and CEO of Proxima Fusion, advancements in fusion technology are now within reach thanks to the utilization of AI to model plasma behavior. This breakthrough brings us closer to achieving viable nuclear fusion, as explained during a call with.

Earlybird-backed German startup Marvel Fusion uses laser containment to start the reaction. When I inquired about Proxima’s preference for stellarators, Sciortino explained, “By employing lasers, we direct intense heat towards a small pellet.” That releases energy through fusion, but you’re compressing something and allowing it to explode. Our focus is on the current state of confinement. So it’s not a sudden burst, but rather a consistent and ongoing process of operation.”

Sciortino, who successfully completed his PhD at MIT on tokamak nuclear projects, mentioned that Proxima will build upon the knowledge gained from the W7-X device. The W7-X device has received significant public investment, totaling over €1 billion. He mentioned that the estimated timeframe for achieving fusion energy is in the mid-2030s. It appears that we are considering a timeframe of approximately 15 years. Our objective is to build an intermediate device in Munich, most likely by 2031. If we are able to achieve that, then the mid-2030s could be a viable option.

The startup’s investors are just as confident

Ian Hogarth, a partner at one of Proxima’s investors, Plural, shared his enthusiasm for Proxima’s work, highlighting two key aspects that he finds particularly compelling. First, their stellarator has greatly benefited from two significant trends in high-temperature superconductors and advancements in computer-aided simulation of complex, multi-physics systems. And secondly, North Germany is home to the world’s most advanced stellarator.

He believes that Proxima’s status as the first spin-out from a government project will provide it with a competitive advantage for success. According to him, this situation exemplifies the concept of the ‘entrepreneurial state,’ where a startup can leverage significant public investment to thrive.

However, Proxima is not the sole contender in the competition for fusion. Helion Energy secured a substantial $500 million in Series E funding two years ago, with the support of prominent tech entrepreneur and OpenAI CEO Sam Altman. Furthermore, there are a minimum of 43 additional companies actively working on the development of nuclear fusion technologies.

Redalpine led Proxima’s seed round, which also included Bayern Kapital, DeepTech & Climate Fonds, and the Max Planck Foundation. Plural and existing investors High-Tech Gründerfonds, Wilbe, UVC Partners, and the Tomorrow Fund of Visionaries Club were also part of the round.

As Editor here at GeekReply, I'm a big fan of all things Geeky. Most of my contributions to the site are technology related, but I'm also a big fan of video games. My genres of choice include RPGs, MMOs, Grand Strategy, and Simulation. If I'm not chasing after the latest gear on my MMO of choice, I'm here at GeekReply reporting on the latest in Geek culture.

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Artificial Intelligence

Android’s latest Theft Detection Lock feature serves as a deterrent against smartphone thefts and snatch-and-grab incidents

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Imagine yourself engaged in your own affairs, seated on a park bench, gazing at your mobile device. Explosion. An individual seizes your device and swiftly flees with it. While Android and iOS devices do have certain security measures, what about the brief period of time when the phone is still unlocked? Is there a method available to remotely erase its data?

Burglars can obtain a substantial amount of information within that brief duration. Each moment is significant. During the Google I/O 2024 developer conference, Google unveiled a new feature for Android called Theft Detection Lock. This feature is specifically designed to safeguard against the increasing risk of theft. Once activated, the AI-driven function will automatically secure the device.

According to Google, if your phone detects a typical movement related to theft, it will rapidly lock the screen to prevent thieves from easily accessing your data. An instance of such a stimulus is a mechanism that abruptly initiates rapid motion in the opposite direction.

Google is implementing an offline device lock feature, specifically designed to safeguard the device in the event of intentional disconnection from the network. Occurrences such as consistently failing to authenticate the phone will activate that functionality.

The forthcoming update will also introduce functionality that enhances the level of difficulty for malefactors attempting to perform a remote factory reset on your device. According to Google, this upgrade prevents thieves from setting up a stolen device again without having knowledge of your device or Google account credentials, even if they force a reset. By rendering a stolen device unsellable, it diminishes the motivation for individuals to engage in phone theft.

Biometric authentication will be mandatory for modifying sensitive information while the device is connected from an unsecured location.

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Engineering

Supercapacitors Reach New Heights with 19 Times Greater Capacitance

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Based on papers published at the same time by unrelated teams, two methods for improving capacitors’ ability to store charge appear to be effective. Each has the potential to make supercapacitors better at storing energy and maybe even put them in the running for large-scale energy storage.

For a long time, supercapacitors have been better than batteries because they can quickly release the charge they have stored. But not even the best supercapacitors have been able to store enough power to meet the most important needs of society. Sometimes, big steps forward have made supercapacitors look like they could compete in that market. But since lithium-ion battery prices have dropped so much, there isn’t much room for other batteries. That could change soon.

Two papers that came out last month in the same issue of Science both look at big improvements in capacitance. It remains to be seen if either of them can be scaled up, though.

The basic idea behind all capacitors is the same. There is material between the positive and negative charges to keep them from jumping across the gap. When a switch is closed, the negative charges can move around to meet the positive charges. This makes an electric current, which can be used for many things.

Laptops and phones now have hundreds of capacitors inside them. When you look at a phone, you can tell how small it is. Because of this, the amount of power they can store is many times too small to power a car, let alone a city all night.

As you might guess from their name, supercapacitors have a lot more capacitance. Even though they’ve made regenerative braking possible, batteries are still the best choice for long-distance driving. To make that happen, the capacitance has to go up, which means finding cheap materials that stop very large amounts of charge from recombining.

Many capacitors use ferroelectric materials like BaTiO3, but they have a problem called “remnant polarization,” which means that some charge stays behind instead of being released. Their crystals also break down over time.

A team from Korean and American institutions reduced remnant polarization by putting a 3D structure between 2D crystals. They were then able to store 191.7 joules per cubic centimeter of capacitor and release it with more than 90% efficiency. Similar products on the market today can store around 10 joules per cubic centimeter.

Dr. Sang-Hoon Bae of Washington University in St. Louis said in a statement, “We made a new structure based on the innovations we’ve already made in my lab involving 2D materials.” “At first, we weren’t interested in energy storage, but while we were studying the properties of materials, we came across a new physical phenomenon that we thought could be used for energy storage. It was very interesting and could be much more useful.”

The work report by Bae and his co-authors only talks about testing the capacitor over 10 cycles, which shows that there is still a long way to go before it can be used in real life. “We’re not quite at our best yet, but we’re already doing better than other labs,” Bae said. For capacitors to be able to charge and discharge very quickly and hold a lot of energy, our next step is to improve the structure of this material even more. To see this material used widely in big electronics like electric cars and other new green technologies, we need to be able to do that without losing storage space over time.

In the same issue of Science, scientists from Cambridge University talk about results that change how people think about making supercapacitors with carbon electrodes store more power. They say, “Pore size has long been thought to be the main way to improve capacitance.” But when commercial carbons with pores measuring nanometers were compared, there wasn’t much of a link between size and capacitance. With nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we can see that what matters is the level of structural disorder in the capacitors’ domains.

They say that more disorganized carbons with smaller graphene-like domains have higher capacitances because their nanopores store ions more efficiently. “We think that for carbons with smaller domains, the charges are more concentrated, making the interactions between ions and carbon atoms stronger. This makes it easier for ions to be stored.”

The paper makes no mention of how much capacitance is possible when the carbon domains are sufficiently disorganized. This is because it goes against the norm to try to make electronic devices more disorganized than ordered.

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Artificial Intelligence

New 3D displays are coming out from Looking Glass

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Looking Glass produces immersive mixed-reality displays that create a three-dimensional visual experience without the requirement of specialized eyewear. Today, it introduces two new displays, one of which is a 16-inch model priced at $4,000. Additionally, there is a 32-inch screen available, which comes with a price tag that is intentionally kept high to deter those who cannot afford it from inquiring about its cost. The displays are offered in both landscape and portrait orientations, allowing for increased versatility to accommodate various content formats and applications.

The price of the previous 15-inch model was $6,000, thus indicating a slight decrease in prices. Additionally, a few years ago, the company unveiled a $350 holographic digital photo frame along with software that enables the enhancement of your vacation photos to produce a three-dimensional effect.

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The new displays offer stunning group 3D visualization without the need for headsets. This means that professionals working with 3D content can get things done without having to deal with the hassle and fatigue of wearing extra hardware. The company says that its products are made for professionals in design, engineering, education, research, and healthcare who need cutting-edge visualization tools.

The new displays, along with the recently announced Looking Glass Go, complete the company’s range of space-related products. Looking Glass Go turns 2D photos into 3D memories, but the bigger formats are better for XR developers and professionals.

Groups can view the content, which is another advantage of these displays. This is especially useful when working together. The business says that up to 100 different people can use the content at the same time.

The screens can show a lot of different types of media, like holographic images, high-quality videos, and real-time apps. They also have gesture-based controls that make the experience even more immersive without having to touch the computer screen.

Looking Glass has many ways to make content, such as plugins for Unity, Unreal, Blender, and WebXR. It also comes with a software development kit and a 3D model importer for making your own holographic content.

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