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Engineering

Quantum computing achieved using silicon

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A team of scientists has made a huge breakthrough in quantum computing by using two silicon transistors that act as quantum bits. These tiny transistors can perform various calculations much faster than ordinary silicon transistors, paving the way for the new generation of quantum computing.

This state of the art technology is currently very expensive because of the exotic materials, very cold superconductors, used in order to function properly. Conventional computers use binary language (0s and 1s) and bits for communicating and storing information. Quantum computing is using qubits, which can take 0 and 1 values but also both at the same time. In doing so, they can minimize the time needed for any calculations.

The team of scientists from the University of New South Wales, in Sidney, Australia has achieved quantum computing by developing a device that uses two qubits on a silicon substratum making practical quantum computing a reality. The team’s device is practically two modified silicon based transistors that have just one electron associated with it. The two work together as two quantum units or qubits.

“The logic qubit state is encoded on the spin of a single electron,” said Andrew Dzurak, lead scientist of the research. The two electrons can be controlled through logic gate operations in order to spin in different directions. By creating sequences of gates you can achieve more complex calculations. “A key breakthrough was finding that we could address each qubit independently, just by controlling the voltage on a metal gate electrode above it. That really simplifies operation of both one- and two-qubit logic,” added Dzurak.

There is still more tinkering to be done before we can buy a quantum computing device, but the day when we’ll see this isn’t far at all. The team is working with chip manufacturers in order to make a large-scale quantum microchip. “The lessons learned from that stage… would determine exactly how much longer it would be to produce a chip that would have solve problems that outperform existing computers,” concluded Dzurak.

Who doesn’t enjoy listening to a good story. Personally I love reading about the people who inspire me and what it took for them to achieve their success. As I am a bit of a self confessed tech geek I think there is no better way to discover these stories than by reading every day some articles or the newspaper . My bookcases are filled with good tech biographies, they remind me that anyone can be a success. So even if you come from an underprivileged part of society or you aren’t the smartest person in the room we all have a chance to reach the top. The same message shines in my beliefs. All it takes to succeed is a good idea, a little risk and a lot of hard work and any geek can become a success. VENI VIDI VICI .

Engineering

What is the Green Concorde? Observe the inaugural flight of XB-1 in the state of California

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The XB-1 experimental aircraft, having successfully completed its inaugural flight, aims to initiate a new era of civil supersonic air travel, more than two decades after Concorde was compelled to retire.

The inaugural flight of the XB-1, a spacecraft developed and manufactured by Boom Supersonic, took place at Mojave Air & Space Port in California on Friday, March 22nd.

The aircraft attained velocities of up to 439 kilometers (273 miles) per hour while operating at an altitude of 2,100 meters (7,120 feet). Although the speed of sound, which is just above 1,234 kilometers (767 miles) per hour, is still far lower, the test flight successfully achieved all of its objectives, which included ensuring safety and evaluating the aircraft’s handling.

Blake Scholl, the creator and CEO of Boom Supersonic, stated that the XB-1 was launched today in the same airspace where the Bell X-1 achieved its first successful flight in 1947.

“I have eagerly anticipated this flight since establishing Boom in 2014, and it signifies the utmost significance.”

The utilization of the XB-1 program is being employed to provide insights for the creation and advancement of Overture, Boom’s environmentally friendly supersonic aircraft. There are already optimistic expectations surrounding this aircraft. The United States government has expressed its intention to acquire a maximum of 50 boom-overture supersonic aircraft for commercial use by the year 2029.

The Overture aircraft is currently in its nascent stage of development, with the ultimate goal of becoming the Concorde of the 21st century. It is a commercial supersonic passenger airliner that surpasses its engineering ancestors in terms of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability.

In January 1976, Concorde launched its inaugural commercial passenger flight, encompassing two concurrent routes: one from London to Bahrain in the Persian Gulf, and another from Paris to Rio de Janeiro through West Africa. The breakthrough aircraft, boasting cruise speeds of up to 2,154 kilometers (1,338 miles) per hour, significantly reduced trip durations by 50% and appeared to hold great potential for the future of commercial carriers.

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Nevertheless, after almost thirty years, the aspiration failed. The cost of a supersonic flight was rising, leading to a decline in demand for seats on the planes. The disastrous Air France Flight 4590 crash in 2000, resulting in the deaths of 113 individuals, further solidified the situation. On October 24, 2003, Concorde operated its final commercial flight between New York and London.

Despite more than twenty years passing, civil supersonic air travel has not experienced a resurgence. However, Boom Supersonic is confident in their ability to alter this situation.

“I have been eagerly anticipating for more than two decades an ecologically conscious alternative to Concorde, and the inaugural flight of the XB-1 represents a significant milestone in the realization of my aspirations.” Upon my last flight aboard Concorde in 2003, I was fully aware that this day would inevitably arrive. According to Captain Mike Bannister, the former Chief Concorde Pilot for British Airways, the inaugural flight of the XB-1 supersonic prototype represents a noteworthy milestone in the pursuit of sustainable supersonic flying. This feat took place aboard Overture, which he considers his top preference as the successor to Concorde.

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Astronomy

Bezos’s proposal for the inaugural private space station has just achieved four significant milestones

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In the foreseeable future, it is possible for astronauts and ordinary individuals to embark on space flight and reside in the Orbital Reef, which serves as a private space station for extended periods of time and is utilized for commercial activities, scientific research, and tourism. The initiative, led by Sierra Space and Jeff Bezos’ Blue Origin, has set a target to achieve operational status in low-Earth orbit by the year 2027. Notably, it has just successfully completed significant NASA tests.

The NASA-funded commercial space station must provide evidence of the proper functioning of its vital life-support system. The most recent four significant achievements pertained to the domains of air and water purification, storage, and recycling.

In space, no resources are wasted, including garbage. Therefore, it is necessary to remove carbon dioxide from the air and restore oxygen. It is necessary to recover and purify water, including urine, while retaining it within the system. Obtaining fresh air or water in space is both costly and challenging.

According to Angela Hart, the manager of NASA’s Commercial Low Earth Orbit Development Program, the achievement of these milestones is of utmost importance in guaranteeing the ability of a commercial destination to sustain human life. This is crucial in order to maintain NASA astronauts’ access to low Earth orbit, enabling them to carry out significant scientific research within the distinctive microgravity environment. Furthermore, the completion of each milestone enables NASA to acquire valuable knowledge regarding our partner’s advancements in station design and development.

One of the examinations centered on the assessment of trace contaminant control, specifically examining the efficacy of filters in eliminating detrimental pollutants from the atmosphere. The water system underwent three distinct testing methods: a water containment oxidation test to evaluate the efficacy of water purification; urine water recovery tests aimed at assessing waste reclamation; and a water tank test to evaluate the storage capacity of the system.

In order to ensure environmental management and the well-being of astronauts, the International Space Station has implemented many systems.

There have been several successful tests conducted on the Orbital Reef in recent times. The inflatable station module LIFE (Large Integrated Flexible Environment) was subjected to extreme testing by Sierra Space in January, ultimately resulting in an explosion. By a margin of 27 percent, LIFE outperformed NASA’s standards.

NASA is providing support to many commercial space stations, like Orbital Reef, through both sponsored and unfunded agreements. As the International Space Station nears its retirement in the coming decade, the human presence in space will undergo significant transformations in the coming years.

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Bionics

Scaling up semiconductors: A new processor provides a significant increase in problem-solving speed

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Annealing processors were specifically made to deal with combinatorial optimization problems, such as finding the best solution from a small set of possible outcomes. These findings have practical consequences for handling logistics, allocating resources, and identifying medications and commodities.

Within the realm of CMOS, a specific category of semiconductor technology, it is imperative that the constituent elements of annealing processors exhibit complete interconnection. Nevertheless, the intricacy of this interconnection has a direct impact on the scalability of the processors.

Professor Takayuki Kawahara from Tokyo University of Science has conducted a recent study in IEEE Access. The researchers have successfully created and evaluated a scalable processor that distributes the calculation across numerous LSI chips. On January 25, 2024, the idea was also showcased at the IEEE 22nd World Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI 2024).

The goal, according to Professor Kawahara, is to develop sophisticated information processing capabilities at the edge rather than relying on cloud-based systems or performing preprocessing at the edge for cloud-based operations. It was possible to create a fully connected Large Scale Integration (LSI) on a single chip using 28nm CMOS technology with the aid of the distinctive processing architecture that the Tokyo University of Science introduced in 2020. Additionally, a scalable strategy made use of parallel-operating chips, and the use of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) in 2022 demonstrated its viability.

The team created a scalable annealing processor. A total of 36 22nm CMOS calculation LSI (Large Scale Integration) processors and one control FPGA were employed in the system. This technological advancement facilitates the fabrication of extensive, interconnected semiconductor systems according to the Ising model, a mathematical framework for magnetic systems, encompassing a total of 4096 spins.

 

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